Scouts
On January 24, 1908, the Boy Scout movement started in England with the
publication of Robert Baden-Powell's handbook Scouting for Boys. The name
Baden-Powell was already well-known to many English boys, and thousands of
them eagerly bought the handbook. By the end of April, numerous Boy Scout
troops had appeared across Britain.
In 1900, General Baden-Powell became a national hero in Britain for his
217-day defence of Mafeking in the Second Boer War in South Africa. Soon after,
his military field manual, Aids to Scouting, written for British soldiers in 1899,
became popular with a younger audience. Boys loved the lessons on tracking and
observation and organized outdoor games using the book. Hearing this, BadenPowell decided to write a non-military field manual for teenagers that would also
emphasize the importance of morality and good deeds.
First, however, he decided to try out some of his ideas on an actual group of
boys. On July 25, 1907, he took a diverse group of 21 boys to Brownsea Island in
Dorset, where they set up camp for two weeks. With the aid of other instructors, he
taught the boys about camping, observation, deduction, woodcraft, boating, life saving, and good manners. Many of these lessons were learned through original
games that were very popular with the boys. The first Boy Scout meeting was a
great success. Soon the handbook Scouting for Boys appeared.
With the success of Scouting for Boys, Baden-Powell set up a central Boy
Scouts' office, which registered new Scouts and designed a uniform. By the end of
1908, there were 60,000 Boy Scouts, and troops began to appear in British
Commonwealth countries across the globe. The Scout movement supported the
boys in their physical, mental and spiritual development. The boys learned to work
together to achieve goals, they also gave a promise to live by certain rules, and to
help others when they could.
In September 1909, the first national Boy Scout meeting was held at the
Crystal Palace in London. Ten thousand Scouts showed up, including a group of
uniformed girls who called themselves the Girl Scouts. A year later, Baden-Powell
organized the Girl Guides as a separate organization.
The American version of the Boy Scouts has its origins in an event that
occurred in London in 1909. Chicago publisher William Boyce lost his way in the
fog. So he stopped under a street light to read his map when he was approached by
a young British boy. The boy asked the man if he could help and William Boyce
explained that he had got lost. After guiding Boyce to his destination, the boy
refused a tip, explaining that as a Boy Scout he would not accept payment for
doing a good deed. This anonymous gesture inspired Boyce to organize several
regional U.S. youth organizations. The Scouts movement soon spread throughout
the country. In 1912, Juliette Gordon Low founded the Girl Scouts of America in
Savannah, Georgia.
In 1920 the first international Boy Scout Jamboree was held in London, and
Robert Baden-Powell was acclaimed Chief Scout of the World. The founder of the
Scout organization died in 1941.
Nowadays, the Scouts Movement exists in 216 different countries all over
the world, there are more than 28 million boy scouts and over 10 million girl
scouts.
10-The word ‘scout’ was thought up by Robert Baden-Powell.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Ответ:
11-The success of Aids to Scouting made Robert Baden-Powell write a similar book
for young people.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Ответ:
12-Robert Baden-Powell thought that the Scouts should be well-mannered.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Ответ:
13-The first camp organised by Baden-Powell on an island was a failure.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Ответ:
14-The rules of the Girl Scouts differed from the rules of the Boy Scouts.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Ответ:
15-William Boyce founded the Boy Scouts organization in the USA because he was
impressed by the behaviour of a British Scout.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Ответ:
16-In the USA William Boyce founded both organizations: the Boy Scouts and the
Girl Scouts.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Ответ:
17-Robert Baden-Powell was awarded the title Chief Scout of the World after his
death.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Ответ:
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